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December 10, 2025

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Pathways Initiative Unveils RO Proposed Name, Bylaws

The West-Wide Governance Pathways Initiative is preparing to file the incorporation documents for the independent “regional organization” (RO) that will govern CAISO’s energy markets, while funding challenges remain. 

The committee plans to file the incorporation documents for the RO in early 2026 under the proposed name Regional Organization for Western Energy (ROWE). The RO will be incorporated as a Delaware non-stock corporation and will qualify as a public benefit corporation, Evie Kahl, chief policy officer at California Community Choice Association and Pathways Launch Committee member, said during a committee meeting Aug. 29. 

Kahl also presented the draft bylaws, which detail the policies that will guide the RO and future committees such as advisory, public policy and audit and finance committees. 

The Launch Committee, consisting of members from several Western states, was formed with the task of establishing an independent RO to oversee CAISO’s Western Energy Imbalance Market (WEIM) and Extended Day-Ahead Market (EDAM) in an effort to expand energy markets. (See Pathways Initiative Approves ‘Step 2’ Plan, Wins $1M in Federal Funding.) 

The draft bylaws specify that the “independent governance shall be provided to and for entities and persons operating within the markets, consumers and affected stakeholders while acting in the public interest, and after consideration of consumer interests and the policies of all participating states.” 

The bylaws also go into the public interest functions of the RO. For example, the RO will establish a public policy committee to engage with states, local authorities, federal power marketing administrations and advocacy organizations about potential impacts of policy initiatives. 

Additionally, state authority “has been something that’s been important all along,” Kahl said. 

“We’re developing a regional organization, so we need to make sure that we don’t trample the rights of the states in the process,” Kahl added. 

Specifically, the draft bylaws state, “the board shall consistently acknowledge and, where practicable, develop tariff changes, rules or business practices that respect and accommodate participating states’ achievement of state or local policy objectives, including procurement, resource adequacy, environment, reliability and other consumer interests.” 

“The board likewise shall minimize any adverse impacts of revisions to its tariff, rules, and business practices on participating states’ policy objectives,” according to the draft bylaws. 

Meanwhile, the committee has enough money in the bank to cover expenses through the end of 2025, according to Jim Shetler, general manager of the Balancing Authority of Northern California and co-chair of the committee’s Priority Administrative Work Group. 

The initiative needs roughly $2 million for 2026 and about $4.8 million for 2027. 

“To date, we have basically gone through pledges and donations to try to fund this effort,” Shetler said. “We acknowledge that $7 million is going to be tough to do that way, but we’re going to at least start there.” 

The work group has issued an updated pledge form and a draft funding agreement to solicit additional funding, Shetler explained. The work group also is considering debt financing as an option, Shetler said. 

The group, which has estimated a $7.1 million budget for all three of its phases, hit a financing snare early in 2025 when the Trump administration paused nearly $1 million in funding as part of a larger spending freeze on projects previously promised support by the Biden administration. (See Pathways Initiative Seeks $7.1M to Fund RO.) 

“Bottom line is, pledge form should be ready here in the next month, and we will be coming out and soliciting funding,” Shetler said. “We’re setting this up where people could fund over time. We’re not necessarily asking for a full commitment Day 1. But we do need to get some funding in place starting in January of next year in order to support the 2026 budget.” 

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MISO Seeking Realistic Gen Buildout for Tx Planning Futures

MISO said its set of 20-year transmission planning futures must be further fine-tuned after the Trump administration’s repeal of tax credits for renewable generation.  

The grid operator said introducing the constraints of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act into its capacity expansion modeling returned a build rate that cannot be achieved.  

MISO announced it would take a few months to rework the capacity assumptions in its four 20-year transmission planning futures after passage of the sweeping law in July. (See MISO Revising Transmission Futures After Repeal of Tax Credits.)  

But Director of Economic and Policy Planning Christina Drake said MISO’s modeling using the confines of the law is building too much capacity too fast before the full phaseout of renewable tax credits. Drake said models included an infeasible amount of generation in the first five years.  

MISO’s modeling contemplates a 20-year expansion period and builds according to economic conditions and incentives. 

“We need to have a reasonable band for what can be built in the near term,” Drake told stakeholders at an Aug. 29 workshop to discuss the futures.  

MISO now is looking for “practical limitations to near-term build-out,” Drake said. She said MISO is assessing its queue delays and sluggish supply chains alongside the rollback of incentives for renewable energy to figure out what developers realistically can build. Drake said MISO’s historical build rate with recent supply crunches factored in results of only 9 GW built per year.  

MISO plans to hold more workshops Sept. 24, Oct. 29, Nov. 18 and Dec. 17. MISO added the last two dates after it realized it would need to modify its capacity expansion estimates.  

Drake said MISO did a “hard pivot” in its futures after the passage of the bill.  

The four futures will be used when MISO resumes its long-range transmission planning in 2026.  

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CAISO’s EDAM Scores Simultaneous Wins at FERC

CAISO’s Extended Day-Ahead Market clinched a set of wins Aug. 29 when FERC approved the market’s revised congestion revenue allocation model and authorized participation for the EDAM’s first two members — PacifiCorp and Portland General Electric, which will join the market in 2026. 

The three decisions are interlinked in that PacifiCorp’s EDAM membership tariff filing to FERC triggered the events that prompted CAISO to revise the EDAM’s congestion revenue allocation rules. 

Shortly after Portland, Ore.-based PacifiCorp submitted the filing to FERC in January, Powerex, the energy trading arm of Canadian utility BC Hydro, issued a paper contending EDAM contained a “design flaw” in how it treated firm transmission rights and congestion. Powerex argued the design would leave the market’s non-CAISO participants exposed to charges for constraints occurring outside their systems while not providing them the ability to recover or hedge against those costs. (See Powerex Paper Sparks Dispute over EDAM ‘Design Flaw’.) 

Powerex’s argument centered on the possible impact of “parallel” — or loop — flows in EDAM. As an example, the company’s paper cited how an energy delivery scheduled between PacifiCorp’s East and West balancing authority areas could produce a parallel flow that causes congestion in the CAISO BAA. EDAM then would apply the charge for that CAISO congestion to the PacifiCorp transaction but not provide the PacifiCorp transmission customer with an adequate ability to hedge for that charge, including through an allocation of congestion revenues.  

CAISO and PacifiCorp initially defended EDAM’s congestion revenue allocation (CRA) design, noting FERC already implicitly endorsed the model when it approved the day-ahead market’s tariff in December 2023. But after a broader group of stakeholders expressed similar concerns, the ISO in March launched an “expedited” initiative to address the issue. (See Fast-paced Effort will Address EDAM Congestion Revenue Issue.) 

Under the new design coming out of that stakeholder process — and now approved by FERC, certain congestion revenues stemming from parallel flows would be allocated to the BAA where the energy is scheduled rather than where the constraint is located. Those revenues would be allocated based on a transmission customer’s eligible firm Open Access Transmission Tariff transmission rights submitted and cleared as day-ahead balanced self-schedules. (See CAISO Approves New EDAM Congestion Revenue Allocation Design.) 

In its decision (ER25-2637), the commission found the revised rules to be “just and reasonable” because “they will allocate a portion of certain congestion revenues associated with a binding constraint to the EDAM BAA where market participants paid congestion costs associated with the constraint, rather than to the EDAM BAA where the constraint occurs.” That will ensure “eligible” firm transmission customers can hedge against day-ahead congestion charges by submitting their self-schedules, the commission said. 

The commission noted that commenters in the proceeding “largely support” the proposal as an “interim measure” until CAISO comes up with a permanent solution through its stakeholder process. 

“CAISO frames the instant proposal as a ‘transitional measure,’ and, after EDAM goes live, CAISO states that it intends to begin a stakeholder process, informed by operational data, to identify near-term and long-term revisions for congestion revenue allocation under EDAM,” FERC wrote. “We note, however, that the instant proposal does not contain a sunset date. As such, although some commenters are concerned that future tariff revisions might again expose their firm transmission use to congestion charges, such concerns are outside the scope of the instant proceeding.” 

The commission acknowledged the concerns of some commenters that the rule changes could incentivize increased use of self-schedules among EDAM participants as a means to hedge against congestion charges but said that practice is not “inherently undesirable” because it could make supplies available to CAISO’s markets. 

“In any case, even if CAISO’s proposal may further incentivize self-scheduling, we note that, under EDAM’s current market design, the ability to self-schedule helps participating transmission providers respect their transmission customers’ firm transmission service rights, a consideration that must be balanced against any potential market impacts. We find that the likely benefits of EDAM’s market dispatches will still incentivize market participants to economically bid into EDAM,” the commission wrote. 

The commissioners disagreed with commenters — including Powerex — which argued CAISO should allocate congestion revenue directly to transmission customers based on their transmission rights and allow those customers to opt their transmission service rights out of EDAM altogether, as provided for in SPP’s Markets+. 

“The commission has already accepted in the EDAM order CAISO’s allocation of congestion revenue to EDAM entities, who in turn sub-allocate the congestion revenue as provided for in their OATTs. Similarly, with respect to transmission carveouts, the EDAM order approved the CAISO tariff section that provides EDAM entities the discretion to determine the criteria for such carve-outs,” FERC wrote. 

The commission also rejected various requests that CAISO be required to: “immediately begin a stakeholder process to identify near-term solutions to the issues of the asymmetry between EDAM BAAs” and the incentive to self-schedule; delay EDAM’s implementation until a long-term solution for CRAs is identified; or submit CRA rule revisions within two years. 

“We disagree with protesters that a deadline for further deliberation should be mandated as we find that CAISO’s current allocation methodology for congestion revenue is just and reasonable. Moreover, we will not direct CAISO to delay the go-live date of a market expansion that the commission has already found to be just and reasonable,” FERC wrote. 

Orders Pave Way for PacifiCorp, PGE to Join EDAM

The CRA issue appeared prominently in the FERC orders approving the utility tariff revisions required for PacifiCorp (ER25-951) and PGE (ER25-1868) to participate in the EDAM, particularly around the sub-allocation of the congestion revenues back to load-serving entities in the utilities’ BAAs. 

Over the protests of multiple commenters, the commission approved each utilities’ two-step process for sub-allocating those revenues.  For both utilities, Step 1 of the process seeks to use EDAM’s congestion revenue allocation to reverse day-ahead congestion price differentials arising for self-scheduled energy transfers relying on firm monthly and longer-term transmission service rights. Step 2 will distribute the rest of the allocation to BAA load and exports not already included in the step one allocation. 

Using similar language in both rulings, FERC said it found the Step 1 allocation just and reasonable because “it first reverses day-ahead congestion charges on balanced self-schedules associated with long-term transmission service rights to the greatest extent possible, providing long-term firm customers that choose to self-schedule “an opportunity to hedge against day-ahead congestion charges associated with their use of” the transmission system “by submitting balanced self-schedules in the day ahead.” 

In the PacifiCorp decision, the commission noted that “[w]hile protesters argue that firm transmission customers may not be able to reverse their day-ahead congestion charges if PacifiCorp is not allocated sufficient congestion revenue, we agree with CAISO and PacifiCorp that these issues are outside the scope of the instant proceeding because they pertain to tariff provisions that the commission accepted in the EDAM order.” 

Both utilities’ orders point to the concurrent CAISO CRA order, noting the ISO’s tariff revisions “may help to address some of the concerns” raised by protesters in the two proceedings. 

Both orders also reject arguments by future participants of SPP’s Markets+ that the commission reject tariff provisions around transmission scheduling because they don’t accommodate the ability of transmission rights holders to contribute their transmission to Markets+. In both orders, FERC found the revisions do “not bar firm point-to-point transmission customers from contributing their transmission rights to Markets+, insofar as they are able to meet all of the requirements of” the utilities tariff. 

FERC found “there is no obligation under the commission’s regulations, or the pro forma OATT” for either utility “to accommodate transmission contributions to Markets+.”  

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ERCOT Stakeholders Endorse 2026 AS Methodology

AUSTIN, Texas — ERCOT stakeholders, while raising concerns over the grid operator’s use of conservative operations, have endorsed staff’s recommendations for computing minimum ancillary service quantities for 2026. 

The proposed methodology was opposed by the Technical Advisory Committee’s six-person consumer segment. They argued in filed comments that the “over-procurement” of ancillary services “starves the energy market of resources” just when it is poised to respond to scarcity conditions. 

ERCOT has been using its conservative operations approach as a response to 2021’s disastrous Winter Storm Uri. The ISO sets aside larger amounts of operating reserves, one of several out-of-market actions that consumers said “inhibit” the energy market. 

“We believe conservative operations undermines efficiency in the energy market,” Mark Dreyfus, who represents several public power entities, said during TAC’s Aug. 27 meeting. “We all understood after the winter storm here the need for conservative operations, but we are in such a dynamic industry, and we’ve seen so many changes since then. We’re somehow stuck with this policy adopted for a [different] world.” 

Harika Basaran, director of market analysis for the Public Utility Commission, reminded TAC of the PUC’s 2024 report on ancillary services. The report found the grid operator’s use of conservative operations should be maintained to balance system improvements made since the winter storm until additional data is available.  

Michele Richmond, Texas Competitive Power Advocates’ executive director, reminded members that any decision on conservative operations lies with the Public Utility Commission.  

“It seems like we keep going round and round with the same debate about conservative operations, when that’s a policy call at the commission,” she said. “We keep having the same conversation, and it keeps holding up a lot of the meetings about whether conservative operations is the right call or not. It just seems kind of an exercise in futility to continually have this debate when that’s not a decision that anybody in this room or in this building has the ability to make or change.” 

Staff said the AS methodology’s focus is not on scarcity days or hours, but to ensure sufficient services are procured when capacity is available but otherwise may not be online or available in time to cover risks. 

TAC agreed with staff’s proposal to continue using the regulation service methodology approved in December 2024, but after removing feedback from fast-responding reg service. That service will be retired when the real-time co-optimization plus batteries (RTC+B) project is deployed later in 2025. 

ERCOT also wants to use a probabilistic model to establish quantities for ERCOT contingency reserve service (ECRS) and non-spinning reserve service. The model is designed to establish sufficient ECRS plus non-spin reserve quantities for those non-scarcity days when capacity is available but otherwise may not be online or available in time. 

Finally, staff recommends that minimum responsive reserve service from primary frequency response be updated to 1,377 MW, aligning with NERC standards.  

TAC approved the methodology, 19-7, with three abstentions. The consumer segment was joined by AP Gas & Electric in voting against the measure. 

The Independent Market Monitor, which has said the ISO’s use of ECRS has created artificial supply shortages, proposed an alternative approach: using a three-hour load forecast error and a one-hour energy storage resource duration to reduce procurement but still maintain reliability. 

Requirements for IBRs 

Committee members approved revisions to the Nodal Operating (NOGRR272) and Planning guides (PGRR121) that establish new advanced-grid support requirements — including model-quality tests and unit validation requirements — for inverter-based ESRs with a standard generation interconnection agreement (SGIA) executed on or after April 1, 2025. 

TAC’s Reliability and Operations Subcommittee granted NOGRR272 urgent status at staff’s request. Staff submitted the measure to provide greater support for system resiliency and to maintain stable operations with the prevalence of wind and solar IBRs. ERCOT says it has created and enforced in real time more than 20 generic transmission constraints, most of which are related to IBRs, and the monthly interconnection report says more than 100 GW of IBRs could join by grid by 2026. 

“We’re going to be talking about this for a long time,” ENGIE North America’s Bob Helton said, noting that a market-based approach would be more efficient by targeting grid-forming resources. 

ROS Chair Katie Rich, with Vistra Operations, said the changes do not “close the door” from looking at market aspects and noted ERCOT staff has committed to further developing a market-based approach. 

“I just want folks to know this is not the end-all be-all. You’re taking a vote on what’s before you today, but there is still more work to be done on this,” she said. 

ERCOT filed late comments to both the NOGRR272 and PGRR121 approach to target grid forming resources where needed. 

Members unanimously approved the combined measures, 27-0. Jupiter Power, Shell Energy and Vistra all abstained. 

$827M in Tx Projects OK’d

Members endorsed staff recommendations for a pair of regional transmission projects with projected capital costs of more than $827 million. Both projects require board approval because of their costs. 

CenterPoint Energy’s Baytown Area Load Addition project costs $545.3 million, as recommended by ERCOT’s Regional Planning Group. CenterPoint submitted a $141.7 million estimate to address reliability issues caused by proposed new load in a region thick with petrochemical facilities. 

The project involves only about 45 miles of 138-kV lines and adding capacitors. However, staff said its analysis found additional temporary work would be required for all structure replacements, accounting for about 45% of the capital costs, maintenance-outage issues and the expense of rebuilding 138-kV lines among industrial facilities increased the project’s costs. 

“All consumers in Texas are being asked to spend a half a billion dollars for CenterPoint to be able to upgrade their system,” said Beth Garza, representing residential consumers.  

Garza voted against the proposal, as did the Office of Public Utility Counsel and retailer Rhythm. 

CenterPoint expects to complete the upgrades in January 2028. 

The Texas A&M University System RELLIS Campus reliability project has an estimated capital cost of $282.1 million and a projected October 2029 completion date. 

The project includes 40 miles of new 345-kV double-circuit lines to the RELLIS campus, constructing or rebuilding about 10 miles of 138-kV lines, and expanding the campus’ existing 138-kV substation with four additional 138-kV breakers in the existing 138-kV ring bus and four 345-kV breakers in a ring bus configuration. 

The RPG shortlisted three options, choosing one that it said performs “significantly better” serving a 1,200-MW load with a formal interconnection request in the study area. Texas A&M is working with four developers to build small modular nuclear reactors at the RELLIS campus. 

The project was submitted by Bryan Texas Utilities. Dreyfus, who represents BTU among other public power entities, abstained from the vote. 

“As a [University of Texas] grad, I find it hard to vote for this,” Reliant Energy Retail Services’ Bill Barnes cracked. “One possible solution would be to make Kyle Field (Texas A&M’s football stadium) an interruptible load.” 

Combo Ballot Approved

TAC’s combination ballot included six nodal protocol revision requests (NPRRs), single NOGRR and PGRR changes, and a system change request (SCR) that, if needing board approval, will: 

    • NPRR1265: Implement procedures for distributed generation (DG) reporting by clarifying DG’s definition and defining the new term, “unregistered distributed generators (UDGs).” The NPRR would establish procedures for UDG reporting to ERCOT and reporting requirements from the ISO. 
    • NPRR1266: Specify that a transmission-voltage customer that is a securitization uplift charge opt-out entity may not transfer its status to other entities. The measure adds a requirement that a transmission service provider (TSP) associated with an electric service identifier originally granted opt-out status must compare at least monthly the names of transmission-voltage customers originally granted the status and inform ERCOT of any changes. The TSP requirement excludes those that are securitization uplift charge opt-out entities. 
    • NPRR1279: Enables generation resources to file exceptional fuel costs that include contractual and pipeline-mandated costs and strengthens the process for ERCOT and the IMM to verify the costs. 
    • NPRR1283: Require that any necessary subsynchronous resonance (SSR) studies be complete and mitigation be in place before the initial synchronization of an ESR, new generation resource or a settlement-only generator before the initial energization. 
    • NPRR1290, NOGRR278: Address several gaps and clarify protocol language to support the RTC+B initiative’s implementation. 
    • NPRR1291: Incorporate the PUC’s substantive rule setting a goal for average total residential load reduction into the protocols, specify data exchange methods and formats, and extend the deadline for posting the annual demand response report. 
    • PGRR129: Establish requirements for posting the Grid Reliability and Resiliency assessment and update a list illustrating data sets and classifications. 
    • SCR832: Discontinue and eventually retire a report not being used by market participants. 
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SPP MMU: Average WEIS Energy Prices Up in Spring

SPP’s Market Monitoring Unit says in its latest report that the Western Energy Imbalance Service (WEIS) market’s average load energy prices rose “significantly” during the spring quarter (March-May). 

The increase was driven primarily by elevated natural gas prices in March, the MMU said in its quarterly State of the Market report for the WEIS market, published Aug. 29.  

Spot prices for natural gas at the Cheyenne hub started the quarter at $2.85/MMBtu and closed at $2.18/MMBtu. Gas prices averaged $2.342/MMBtu during the quarter, about 45% higher when compared to the same quarter in 2024. Settling additional generation out of the market also increased gas prices. 

Energy prices averaged $34.93/MWh in March, up from $19.78/MWh a year ago. Prices dropped to $22.83/MWh in April, slightly higher than a year ago ($19.19/MWh), before averaging $23.09/MWh in May, up from $13.05/MWh in 2024.  

The MMU noted coal generation continues to be the primary fuel type for the WEIS market, accounting for about 33% of total generation during the quarter. It said the WEIS market is a voluntary imbalance market. The price volatility is strongly associated with the supply — or lack thereof — of interval-by-interval rampable capacity, it said. 

The frequency of negative intervals started at 3.25% in March and increased to 7.43% in April and 9.16% in May, making it difficult for market participants to sell energy to the market and earn revenue. Negative price intervals can be caused by many factors, usually including high amounts of renewable generation and associated subsidies, a lack of dispatchable range and external impacts, the MMU said. 

The WEIS market’s total generation nameplate capacity grew by 579 MW. The market added 405 MW of solar, 162 MW of gas and 12 MW of “other.” 

This quarter provided a total revenue neutrality uplift credit to the WEIS market of just over $700,000. The uplift was mostly composed of revenue inadequacy surpluses in April and May and uninstructed resource deviations and out-of-merit energy in March. 

SPP operates and administers the WEIS market, a price-based, centralized real-time energy imbalance service market. The market gives participants the ability to submit offers and bids for imbalance energy, settling the net supply or obligation for an asset owner.  

The grid operator plans to terminate the WEIS market April 1, 2026, when it integrates Western balancing authorities into its Western Interconnection expansion. The MMU said market improvements supporting reliability, transparency and operational efficiency should continue to be implemented as needed. 

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FERC Approves ISO-NE Follow-up Compliance Filing for Order 2023

FERC has approved a follow-up filing for ISO-NE’s compliance with Orders 2023 and 2023-A, authorizing variations from the final rule related to interconnection point modifications, cost allocation and commercial readiness deposits (ER24-2009-001). 

Order 2023 requires grid operators to adopt cluster processes to study interconnection requests on a first-ready, first-served basis. (See FERC Updates Interconnection Queue Process with Order 2023.) 

The commission accepted the bulk of ISO-NE’s first compliance filing for Order 2023 in April but required ISO-NE to make a series of minor changes and clarifications in a follow-up order, which the RTO submitted in early June. (See FERC Approves ISO-NE Order 2023 Interconnection Proposal.) The second filing was supported by NEPOOL and was not protested before the commission. 

FERC has accepted this subsequent filing in its entirety, effective Aug. 12, 2024.  

In its approval, FERC ruled that ISO-NE can allow interconnection customers to modify their interconnection points during a cluster study. The commission wrote that this change “provides flexibility … to adjust the point of interconnection in the event that unexpected results show that the originally selected point of interconnection is not technically feasible.” 

ISO-NE wrote in its filing that providing this flexibility should reduce risks of withdrawals from the cluster study process. 

FERC also approved ISO-NE’s clarification of how it will allocate costs of network upgrades for “reactive devices or any substation additions beyond the point of interconnection.” 

ISO-NE proposed to allocate these costs proportionately “based on the type of violation and each facilities’ impact to that violation,” FERC noted.  

Regarding commercial readiness deposits, ISO-NE clarified it was to begin accepting surety bonds as of Sept. 1.  

“This means that interconnection customers seeking to participate in the transitional cluster study will be able to submit surety bonds to secure commercial readiness deposits for that study,” ISO-NE wrote in its filing.  

The follow-up filing also included variations related to site control, interactions between cluster studies and ISO-NE cluster enabling transmission upgrade studies, modeling and ride-through requirements for non-synchronous generators, and a series of “minor clean-up revisions,” including amendments to typos and unintended errors. 

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DOT Yanks $679M in Funding for Offshore Wind Ports

The U.S. Department of Transportation has terminated $679 million in funding commitments for a dozen port and shoreline infrastructure projects planned to serve the offshore wind sector. 

The announcement Aug. 29 is the latest in a long series of policy and regulatory moves thwarting renewable energy broadly and offshore wind specifically. 

While some actions target existing projects and proposals, others — such as port infrastructure — also are forward-looking and could make it that much harder to restart offshore wind development in U.S. waters under a future administration. 

Transportation Secretary Sean Duffy repeated the frequent speaking points of Trump and his cabinet when he announced the “doomed offshore wind projects” would not be getting this financial support. 

“Wasteful wind projects are using resources that could otherwise go toward revitalizing America’s maritime industry,” he said. “Joe Biden and Pete Buttigieg bent over backward to use transportation dollars for their Green New Scam agenda while ignoring the dire needs of our shipbuilding industry.” 

By far, the largest funding withdrawal announced Aug. 29 was the $426.7 million allocated in 2024 for a terminal in Humboldt Bay, Calif., to support the floating offshore wind arrays California hopes to place off its coast. 

The other projects that saw grants withdrawn or terminated were: 

    • Sparrows Point Steel Marshalling Port Project, $47.4 million 
    • Bridgeport Port Authority Operations and Maintenance Wind Port Project, $10.5 million 
    • Wind Port at Paulsboro, $20.5 million 
    • Arthur Kill Terminal, $48 million 
    • Gateway Upgrades at the Port of Davisville, $11.3 million 
    • Norfolk Offshore Wind Logistics Port, $39.3 million 
    • Redwood Marine Terminal Project Planning, $8.7 million 
    • Salem Wind Port Project, $33.8 million 
    • Lake Erie Renewable Energy Resilience Project, $11.1 million 
    • Radio Island Rail Improvements, $1.7 million 
    • PMT Offshore Wind Development, $20 million 

The Humboldt Bay funding came through DOT’s Nationally Significant Freight and Highway Projects program; the other 11 grants were through the Maritime Administration’s Port Infrastructure Development Program. 

Duffy said DOT chose the 12 projects as part of its review of obligated and unobligated awards made through all discretionary grant programs. He said where possible, the terminated funding will be recompeted to address critical port upgrades and other core infrastructure needs. 

The DOT and its Maritime Administration, he said, now are focused on “rebuilding America’s shipbuilding capacity, unleashing more reliable, traditional forms of energy, and utilizing the nation’s bountiful natural resources to unleash American energy.” 

The funding termination is in some ways redundant, as the Trump administration has mounted a multipronged, multiagency effort to halt all offshore wind development. 

But if the funding cuts succeed in slowing and halting construction of offshore wind port facilities, this would slow future development, as well — should anyone ever try to restore the promise and potential that lay before the U.S. offshore wind sector just a few years ago. 

The road map that once included thousands of turbines producing dozens of gigawatts by the early 2030s has been eviscerated, along with the federal subsidies that would have made the huge cost of a buildout more bearable for ratepayers. 

Seven months into the second Trump administration, investing in a workforce, specialized equipment, a manufacturing base, and a supply chain now is a challenging prospect. 

With the port funding cuts announced Aug. 29, one more piece of the puzzle is harder to place. 

The Oceantic Network criticized DOT’s announcement. The trade association’s CEO, Liz Burdock, said: “The Trump administration is weakening our country’s national security and destroying good-paying jobs by pulling critical funding designed to update our aging maritime infrastructure. 

“Offshore wind port development upgrades facilities and capabilities that serve multiple industries; however, by selectively limiting infrastructure investments and removing mandated agreements in energy and shipyards, the administration is stalling essential development that delivers on shared priorities of national security and energy dominance, and signals to the investment community the U.S is not safe place for investment.” 

She added: “The U.S. offshore wind industry has sparked $5.1 billion in port funding and created more than 6,000 jobs, making this critical infrastructure mission ready for a variety of roles. It’s also expanded tax revenue for seaside communities where port assets were idle or underused for decades. This political action from the administration is another targeted attack on American jobs and American taxpayers, which will raise electricity prices for millions across the U.S. and put thousands out of work.” 

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PacifiCorp Moves Forward with Oregon Renewable RFP

Oregon regulators have approved PacifiCorp’s plans to issue a request for proposals for renewable resources — with a condition that the company accept bids for resources with conditional firm transmission.

The Oregon Public Utility Commission voted 3-0 on Aug. 26 to approve the RFP. The solicitation is for power purchase or energy storage agreements of five to 20 years, for resources that are online by the end of 2029.

The proposed RFP sparked a debate between PacifiCorp and stakeholder groups about whether resources dependent on conditional firm transmission should be eligible to bid.

PacifiCorp has never allowed resources with conditional firm transmission to participate in its RFPs, Rick Link, PacifiCorp’s senior vice president for resource planning and procurement, told the commission.

“It’s not called ‘firm’ for a reason,” Link told the commission.

The circumstances that may trigger transmission curtailment are unique to each conditional firm agreement, PacifiCorp said in an OPUC filing. And the fact that resource contracts may last as long as 20 years increases the uncertainty.

“These unique conditions for curtailment introduce imprudent and unnecessary risk in planning for reliable operations,” the filing said.

The Northwest & Intermountain Power Producers Coalition (NIPPC) and Renewable Northwest argued in favor of allowing bidders that plan to use conditional firm transmission.

“This could substantially increase the bid pool given the sizable queue of projects waiting to be granted long-term firm service at BPA,” Renewable Northwest said.

According to NIPPC, Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) offers two types of conditional firm transmission. In one option, BPA may curtail service up to a set number of hours. Alternatively, service curtailment may occur under specific system conditions.

But in reality, BPA rarely curtails conditional firm service, NIPPC said.

In addition, NIPPC said, BPA will lift the conditions on its conditional firm service when transmission expansion projects are completed.

“PacifiCorp, along with other utilities like Portland General Electric Company and Avista, need to be more proactive and innovative in the increasing[ly] transmission constrained world,” NIPPC said, while noting that PGE has allowed conditional firm transmission service in recent RFPs.

Growing Constraints

In approving a 2022 RFP, the Oregon commission asked PacifiCorp to analyze potential ways to include conditional firm bids in its next RFP.

“Increasing constraints on the transmission system, particularly on the west side of the PacifiCorp system, make it important to begin to more seriously consider alternative transmission products that may deliver a significant portion of the value that some resources offer the system,” the commission wrote in the 2022 order.

But PacifiCorp remained opposed to including conditional firm transmission for resources in its 2025 RFP.

The company said that under rules for the Western Power Pool (WPP) Reserve Sharing Group, any resource procured that uses conditional firm transmission would require PacifiCorp to hold 100% contingency reserves. PacifiCorp wouldn’t have access to WPP reserves in the event of the loss or curtailment of conditional firm transmission.

The Reserve Sharing Program is different from WPP’s Western Resource Adequacy Program (WRAP).

And conditions leading to curtailments are more likely when market demand is highest, PacifiCorp said, “which may necessitate the procurement of unspecified market purchases at an elevated price and with the associated assignment of emissions.”

Despite PacifiCorp’s arguments, the commission ordered the company to accept bids using conditional firm bridge, number of hours or system conditions transmission service in its 2025 RFP. The company will work with an independent evaluator to develop a framework for evaluating those bids alongside firm transmission bids.

2nd Phase Possible

The commission’s order leaves the door open for a second phase of the RFP, perhaps in 2026, in the event that questions are resolved around the Boardman-to-Hemingway (B2H) transmission line.

B2H, a partnership between PacifiCorp and Idaho Power, is fully permitted. Idaho Power said on its website that it hopes to break ground on the project in 2025, with an in-service date of 2027. B2H is a 500-kV line that will run about 290 miles from the Longhorn substation near Boardman, Ore., to the Hemingway substation in Idaho.

PacifiCorp included B2H in the preferred portfolio of its 2021 integrated resource plan. At the time, the company expected it would be able to redirect transmission rights with BPA to have a point of receipt at Longhorn, allowing B2H to serve existing load in its West balancing authority area (PACW), according to a report from OPUC staff.

But in 2022, BPA said the redirect requests would need to be evaluated in a cluster study process that had been paused.

PacifiCorp expects B2H to be completed, “but at this time, it is not known when the redirect requests [with BPA] will be granted, when redirect requests might be effective and how much it might cost.”

PacifiCorp noted that its RFP doesn’t prohibit bids from developers whose resources would use the B2H transmission line.

Decarbonization Goals

The 2025 RFP follows a commission finding that PacifiCorp’s 2023 Clean Energy Plan didn’t show continual progress toward House Bill 2021 goals. HB 2021 requires the state’s large investor-owned utilities to decarbonize their retail electricity sales by 2040.

PacifiCorp’s RFP doesn’t state the exact amount of resources that will be procured. The company will decide during the scoring process which resource quantities are most cost-effective.

But the company notes that its 2025 integrated resource plan calls for 1,570 MW of utility-scale solar, 1,400 MW of utility-scale wind resources and 320 MW of small-scale solar resources by the end of 2029, along with 781 MW of energy storage of various durations.

An earlier version of the RFP included a requirement that resources be deliverable to Oregon load. PacifiCorp said that was needed due to transmission constraints. But the company agreed to remove that requirement and will instead allow delivery to its six-state system.

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Pathways Bill Will Make It to Newsom’s Desk, Author Says

After months of negotiations, the author of the California legislation needed to transform CAISO’s market into an independent regional energy market for the West is confident the state legislature will have a bill to vote on before the session wraps up in early September.

California State Sen. Josh Becker (D) introduced SB 540 in February. The bill would implement the plans of the West-Wide Governance Pathways Initiative, a multistate effort to create an independent “regional organization” (RO) to govern CAISO’s Western Energy Imbalance Market and Extended Day-Ahead Market (EDAM), the latter set to launch in 2026.

Though the legislative session is set to wrap up Sept. 12, Becker’s press secretary, Charles Lawlor, told RTO Insider that “there will be a bill before the deadline. Absolutely.”

“We’ve got lots of time to continue working on this bill,” Lawlor said Aug. 28. “It’s just a matter of finalizing it. I think everybody’s on the same page. It’s just getting it to a state where we can, you know, make sure everybody’s 100% comfortable.”

Lawlor noted that the so-called “suspense” file deadline is Aug. 29. A suspense process is part of a normal procedure in which bills are examined in the Senate and Assembly appropriation committees for their fiscal impact before being advanced to the floor.

However, because of SB 540’s significance, it will receive a rule waiver and does not have to go through the usual suspense process, according to Lawlor.

This will give parties more time to negotiate amendments and “iron out some issues and make sure that it’s properly cooked in order to get the final vote and get it across to the governor’s desk,” Lawlor said.

SB 540 passed the California Senate in June and was set for a first hearing in the state Assembly’s Utilities and Energy Committee on July 16. But the hearing was delayed until after the summer break because several organizations withdrew their support unless lawmakers amended the bill. (See Calif. Pathways Bill Delayed After Orgs Withdraw Support, While Newsom Signals Backing for Effort.)

In a letter, the coalition said it opposed an amendment creating a new Regional Energy Market Oversight Council responsible for ensuring CAISO’s participation in the regional energy market “serves the interests of the state.” (See Amended ‘Pathways’ Bill Boosts — and Complicates — Calif. Protections.) The new council would be authorized to mandate withdrawal if those interests are compromised.

The coalition requested lawmakers remove the amendment, stating “the language in this section mandates the withdrawal of California entities from the market without exception or discretion, which is unacceptable.”

The coalition also urged lawmakers to remove revisions to California’s Renewables Portfolio Standard Program and restrictions on a future market, noting entities in Colorado, New Mexico and Idaho are undecided about whether to join EDAM or SPP’s competing day-ahead market alternative Markets+.

‘Poison Pill’

The legislature resumed the 2025 session Aug. 19 after a monthlong summer recess.

Since then, California Gov. Gavin Newsom has voiced his support for SB 540, urging the legislature to pass the proposal. In a recent statement, Newsom said, “Over $1 billion in economic benefits to our state is on the line.” (See Newsom Renews Call for Passage of Pathways Bill.)

Assembly Speaker Robert Rivas has also said he supports “a voluntary, regional power market.”

Advanced Energy United was one of the organizations that pulled its support in July. The trade association’s California lead, Edson Perez, told RTO Insider in an email that legislators say “they understand the importance of establishing a robust regional market to unlock $1 billion per year in energy cost savings.”

“However, there’s still a gap in understanding the urgency,” Perez said. “We keep reinforcing that it’s now or never. With a competing market moving forward, we risk watching those savings evaporate if we don’t act this year.”

Meanwhile, Jan Smutny-Jones, CEO of the Independent Energy Producers Association, former chair of CAISO’s Board of Governors and a current member of the Pathways Initiative’s Launch Committee, said he’s “optimistic.”

However, Smutny-Jones said the Regional Energy Market Oversight Council “acts as a poison pill.”

“It does not have the support of the whole coalition,” he added. “It would be problematic within the Western market, so we need to get that out of the bill. But other than that … things are pretty smooth.”

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China Cyber Threats Continue, Agencies Warn

Malicious cyber actors associated with China continue to exploit security vulnerabilities to infiltrate information technology systems used by critical infrastructure operators in the U.S. and by its allies, a new warning from security agencies in multiple countries says. 

The advisory, published Aug. 27 on the website of the Department of Homeland Security’s Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), is based on investigations conducted in multiple countries through July 2025, along with findings from industry. It was co-signed by CISA, the National Security Agency, the FBI and the Department of Defense’s Cyber Crime Center, along with counterparts in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, the Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Poland and Spain. 

According to the advisory, advanced persistent threat (APT) actors have pursued malicious cyber operations “linked to multiple China-based entities” against global targets, mainly in the telecommunications sector, since at least 2021. The agencies noted that the cybersecurity community has associated several groups with this activity, some of which may be different names for the same actors. Among these are Salt Typhoon, Operator Panda, RedMike, UNC5807 and GhostEmperor. 

The APT actors have “considerable success” using publicly known common vulnerabilities and exposures (CVEs). Agencies recommended that defenders prioritize CVEs involving devices from Ivanti, Palo Alto Networks and Cisco because they are known to have been exploited in the past; however, they noted that software from other providers, such as Microsoft, Fortinet and Nokia, also may be targeted. 

Even devices of people outside the threat actors’ sectors of interest may be targeted if the actors believe they can provide pathways to attack primary targets, the advisory said. Attackers can “leverage compromised devices and trusted connections or private interconnections (e.g. provider-to-provider or provider-to-customer links) to pivot into other networks.” 

APT actors then maintain access to target networks via several different techniques: 

    • Modifying access control lists to add IP addresses, thus bypassing security policies by establishing threat actor-controlled addresses as trustworthy. 
    • Opening standard and non-standard ports to expose different services, which “supplies multiple avenues for remote access and data exfiltration.” 
    • Enumerating and altering configurations for other devices in the same group, when possible. 
    • Creating tunnels between network devices to allow covert data transmission that blends in with normal network traffic. 
    • Setting up containers on compromised devices “to stage tools, process data locally and move laterally within the environment” while staying undetected because activity “within the container [is] not monitored closely.” 

The agencies encouraged cybersecurity staff at critical infrastructure organizations to carry out threat hunting activities to search for malicious activity and, if discovered, report to relevant agencies and regulators. Because the threat actors try to maintain persistent, long-term presence in target networks through several means of access, defenders “should exercise caution when sequencing defensive measures to maximize the chance of achieving full eviction.” 

Organizations also should keep in mind that APT actors often monitor compromised mail servers and network administrator accounts to see if their activity has been detected and try to keep information about their threat hunting secure from compromise, the advisory said. 

Other recommendations include regularly reviewing network device logs and configurations for evidence of unusual activity, disabling outbound connections from management interfaces to reduce lateral movement between network devices, disabling all unused ports and protocols and changing all default administrative credentials. 

“CISA and our partners are committed to equipping critical infrastructure owners and operators with the intelligence and tools they need to defend against sophisticated cyber threats,” CISA Acting Director Madhu Gottumukkala said in a statement. “By exposing the tactics used by [Chinese] state-sponsored actors and providing actionable guidance, we are helping organizations strengthen their defenses and protect the systems that underpin our national and economic security.”